Journal of Scientific and Technical Research
Issue 2, 2020
Original Articles
Abstract
Geographical and economic constraints limit the availability of fresh fruits and vegetable during winter months in trans-Himalayan Ladakh region, thus necessitating the need to develop regionally suited cost-effective passive storage techniques. Freshly harvested fruits of three local (Thra, Mongol, Karkechu) and two exotic (Royal Delicious, Golden Delicious) cultivars, individually wrapped in cling foil and newspaper, were stored in an underground cellar (-2.0 to 15.6 ºC, 44.2 to 88.1% RH). Fruit quality traits and sensory evaluation were determined at 30 days interval from date of storage. Thra and Mongol do not store well and were not suitable for consumption after 60 days of storage. Fruits wrapped in cling foil stored much better as compared to newspaper-wrapped fruits. The study demonstrated that fruits of Royal Delicious and Karkechu can be stored for 150 days during winter seasons inside the underground cellars scoring the highest hedonic score for overall appreciation (7.2±0.8 and 7.1±1.3, respectively). The method described is easy, cost-effective, and can be a satisfactory alternative to refrigerated cold storage in trans-Himalayan region with severe winters.
Geographical and economic constraints limit the availability of fresh fruits and vegetable during winter months in trans-Himalayan Ladakh region, thus necessitating the need to develop regionally suited cost-effective passive storage techniques. Freshly harvested fruits of three local (Thra, Mongol, Karkechu) and two exotic (Royal Delicious, Golden Delicious) cultivars, individually wrapped in cling foil and newspaper, were stored in an underground cellar (-2.0 to 15.6 ºC, 44.2 to 88.1% RH). Fruit quality traits and sensory evaluation were determined at 30 days interval from date of storage. Thra and Mongol do not store well and were not suitable for consumption after 60 days of storage. Fruits wrapped in cling foil stored much better as compared to newspaper-wrapped fruits. The study demonstrated that fruits of Royal Delicious and Karkechu can be stored for 150 days during winter seasons inside the underground cellars scoring the highest hedonic score for overall appreciation (7.2±0.8 and 7.1±1.3, respectively). The method described is easy, cost-effective, and can be a satisfactory alternative to refrigerated cold storage in trans-Himalayan region with severe winters.
Restricted
Abstract
Wastewater treatment has become a global concern issue of fundamental significance surrounding the most recent approaches that describe the techniques environmentalist and conservationist used. Recently, the development of green mediated nanomaterials for the water purification has turn out to be a major focus for researchers. This is due to the ecological friendly nature, cost effective and simple processing of the techniques. One of the most considered techniques is the fabrication of the metal and metal oxides nanomaterials using organisms. Amongst these organisms, plant is considered to be the best materials which can be biosynthesize in large scale for industrial application. Biosynthesis of the metal and metal oxide nanomaterials using plant is more stable and yield faster production than in the microorganisms. Rising preference in the investigation of biosynthesis materials using plants and plants derivatives by several researchers’ to comprehend the mechanisms of metals and metal oxides uptake, formation and bioreduction in plants is as a result of the several merits shown by the plants. The present review highlighted the fundamental procedures and mechanisms of plants mediated biosynthesis techniques, particularly on the metal and metal oxides synthesis using plant extracts. Similarly, the functions of some of the biological components, that’s the essential phytochemicals such as alkaloids, aldehydes, terpenoids, amides and flavonoids which serve as solvent systems and reducing agent has been discussed. The toxicity and stability of the nanomaterials and their related surface structural techniques to achieved biocompatibility are also highlighted. Lastly, several applications of the biosynthesized nanomaterials for the water and wastewater purification and the mechanisms prevailing green nanoparticles fabrication along with the interactions on degradation of dye and removal of heavy metals have been highlighted as well as their associated efficiency.
Wastewater treatment has become a global concern issue of fundamental significance surrounding the most recent approaches that describe the techniques environmentalist and conservationist used. Recently, the development of green mediated nanomaterials for the water purification has turn out to be a major focus for researchers. This is due to the ecological friendly nature, cost effective and simple processing of the techniques. One of the most considered techniques is the fabrication of the metal and metal oxides nanomaterials using organisms. Amongst these organisms, plant is considered to be the best materials which can be biosynthesize in large scale for industrial application. Biosynthesis of the metal and metal oxide nanomaterials using plant is more stable and yield faster production than in the microorganisms. Rising preference in the investigation of biosynthesis materials using plants and plants derivatives by several researchers’ to comprehend the mechanisms of metals and metal oxides uptake, formation and bioreduction in plants is as a result of the several merits shown by the plants. The present review highlighted the fundamental procedures and mechanisms of plants mediated biosynthesis techniques, particularly on the metal and metal oxides synthesis using plant extracts. Similarly, the functions of some of the biological components, that’s the essential phytochemicals such as alkaloids, aldehydes, terpenoids, amides and flavonoids which serve as solvent systems and reducing agent has been discussed. The toxicity and stability of the nanomaterials and their related surface structural techniques to achieved biocompatibility are also highlighted. Lastly, several applications of the biosynthesized nanomaterials for the water and wastewater purification and the mechanisms prevailing green nanoparticles fabrication along with the interactions on degradation of dye and removal of heavy metals have been highlighted as well as their associated efficiency.
Restricted
Abstract
Sleep, a ubiquitous behavior reported in animal kingdom spreads out from cnidarians to mammals. Evolutionarily it is linked with the development of nervous system which was first time reported in phylum Cnidaria. Thus, this information satisfies a basic function of sleep which is memory processing and information storage. Besides this, cellular restoration and synaptic scaling also encompass as the core function of sleep. Sleep is broadly characterized by the oscillation of NREM (Non-rapid eye movement) and REM (Rapid eye movement) sleep cycles in mammals. Interestingly its distant relative birds also show the same stages while sleeping. Therefore, avian sleep can act as window to understand the mechanisms associated with generation and function of mammalian sleep. Avian sleep shares many similarities with that of mammals, for instance, presence of REM/NREM sleep states which in turn are under circadian and homeostatic control. Likewise minor differences also exist between the two groups for example, the thalamocortical spindles and the ripple complex which are missing from bird sleep. Thus, avian model system can help in understanding the complicacies associated with mammalian sleep (with reference to human) during health and illness
Sleep, a ubiquitous behavior reported in animal kingdom spreads out from cnidarians to mammals. Evolutionarily it is linked with the development of nervous system which was first time reported in phylum Cnidaria. Thus, this information satisfies a basic function of sleep which is memory processing and information storage. Besides this, cellular restoration and synaptic scaling also encompass as the core function of sleep. Sleep is broadly characterized by the oscillation of NREM (Non-rapid eye movement) and REM (Rapid eye movement) sleep cycles in mammals. Interestingly its distant relative birds also show the same stages while sleeping. Therefore, avian sleep can act as window to understand the mechanisms associated with generation and function of mammalian sleep. Avian sleep shares many similarities with that of mammals, for instance, presence of REM/NREM sleep states which in turn are under circadian and homeostatic control. Likewise minor differences also exist between the two groups for example, the thalamocortical spindles and the ripple complex which are missing from bird sleep. Thus, avian model system can help in understanding the complicacies associated with mammalian sleep (with reference to human) during health and illness
Restricted
Abstract
The importance of fermented food having medicinal value is well known, since ancient times and thus, is widely consumed worldwide. Since its discovery about centuries ago, there has been a lot of debate and research about the health benefits of fermented foods. As fermentation process enhances antioxidant activity of dietary food products such as fruits, milks, cereals, meat and fish by increasing the nutrients and vitamins. It offers health advantage, participates in various physiological activities and protects the cell against the toxic effects of free radicals which reflects its role in suppression of oxidative stress mediated disorders such as aging, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer etc. Various researches are going on to explore the hidden facts about the role of fermentation in health and diseases. However, the exact mechanism behind the involvement of fermented food contents in such events is not yet fully elucidated and needs further investigation. It’s protective properties and safety profile makes it an attractive therapeutic tool. In contrast, fermentation rarely produces some toxic contaminants and metabolites of the microbes into the food base. Therefore, the present article is focused on the current aspects related to health benefits of components of fermented food intake with special reference to oxidative stress mediated diseases and to understand its importance role in maintaining health diets as well.
The importance of fermented food having medicinal value is well known, since ancient times and thus, is widely consumed worldwide. Since its discovery about centuries ago, there has been a lot of debate and research about the health benefits of fermented foods. As fermentation process enhances antioxidant activity of dietary food products such as fruits, milks, cereals, meat and fish by increasing the nutrients and vitamins. It offers health advantage, participates in various physiological activities and protects the cell against the toxic effects of free radicals which reflects its role in suppression of oxidative stress mediated disorders such as aging, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer etc. Various researches are going on to explore the hidden facts about the role of fermentation in health and diseases. However, the exact mechanism behind the involvement of fermented food contents in such events is not yet fully elucidated and needs further investigation. It’s protective properties and safety profile makes it an attractive therapeutic tool. In contrast, fermentation rarely produces some toxic contaminants and metabolites of the microbes into the food base. Therefore, the present article is focused on the current aspects related to health benefits of components of fermented food intake with special reference to oxidative stress mediated diseases and to understand its importance role in maintaining health diets as well.
Restricted
Abstract
In this paper a brief review of virtual reality application in neurological rehabilitation has been presented. A detailed discussion has been made how virtual reality is used to treat patients with neurological disorders. Two different types of virtual reality have been discussed. Virtual reality is a new clinical approach to treat patients by creating a virtual environment for simulation. Based on the study a number of research questions have been framed. Some conclusions have been drawn and future direction of research has been discussed.
In this paper a brief review of virtual reality application in neurological rehabilitation has been presented. A detailed discussion has been made how virtual reality is used to treat patients with neurological disorders. Two different types of virtual reality have been discussed. Virtual reality is a new clinical approach to treat patients by creating a virtual environment for simulation. Based on the study a number of research questions have been framed. Some conclusions have been drawn and future direction of research has been discussed.
Restricted