Indian agriculture is presently confronting challenges related to climate change, environmental degradation, and stagnant farm incomes. Traditionally, input-intensive crops, such as the rice-wheat rotation system, have been the mainstay of Indian agriculture. This has resulted in declining groundwater tables, soil erosion, and increased production risks. In this context, crop diversification has been a positive factor for the sustainability and resilience of the farming system. This chapter explores the prospects for maize cultivation as a strategy for crop diversification in the Indian farming system. The environmental benefits of maize cultivation, coupled with the high and differentiated demand for the crop, provide a strong rationale for the strategy. Drawing on the broader literature on the impact of technological change on the farming system, the chapter also aims to demonstrate the importance of hybrid maize technology for increasing productivity and enhancing the welfare of the farming community. The chapter concludes by asserting the prospects for the crop diversification strategy, grounded in maize cultivation, for the long-term sustainability of the farming system.