Journal of Business, Economics and Sustainable Systems (JBESS)

This study examines the differences between healthcare systems in developed and developing countries, taking the United States and India as representative examples. The research focuses on key aspects such as affordability, accessibility, technological adoption, and the influence of policy and social factors on healthcare delivery. A combined approach has been used, where primary data was collected through a questionnaire in India, while insights about the United States were drawn from existing reports and literature.

The findings show that the U.S. healthcare system is highly advanced in terms of technology and specialized services but is often limited by high costs and complex insurance structures. In contrast, India’s system faces challenges related to infrastructure, workforce distribution, and out-of-pocket expenditure, yet it continues to improve through government schemes and increasing use of digital health services.

The study also highlights the growing role of telemedicine and artificial intelligence in improving healthcare access, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, issues such as digital literacy, data privacy, and uneven infrastructure still affect their effectiveness. Overall, the research suggests that while both countries follow different approaches, combining technological progress with accessible and affordable care is essential for building a more efficient healthcare system.

Blood bank management systems are important in 
offering safe, efficient and timely access to blood and blood 
products to patients in need. This paper describes the design, 
development, and testing of a complete Blood Bank Management 
System (BBMS) with a real-time donation-tracking module. The 
system under development will improve major gaps in the 
procedures of the manual blood banks: the record keeping is 
error-prone, the donor tracing is incomplete, the inventory 
management is insufficient, and the emergency response is also 
slow. The platform utilises a centralised relational database and a 
web-based interface, role-based access control and automated 
alerting to simplify the entire donation process, including donor 
registration and blood collection, storage, compatibility matching, 
and post-transfusion auditing. A six-month pilot working in a 500-
bed tertiary care facility completed more than 3,800 donor 
registrations and almost 3,000 transfusion requests. Findings 
demonstrate that there is an 83% decrease in time to fulfil 
requests, a 19.7-percentage-point increase in inventory accuracy, 
and a 11.4 to 3.7 per cent drop in blood wastage. These results 
support the clinical and operational benefit of an integrated and 
digitised BBMS.

IndiGo Airlines has emerged as India’s dominant air carrier, commanding 64% of the domestic aviation market as of January 2026. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of IndiGo’s operational model, strategic business decisions, and market performance within the context of transformative regulatory changes in Indian civil aviation. The study examines three critical regulatory developments: The National Civil Aviation Policy 2016 (which modified the restrictive 5/20 rule to 0/20 rule), the Aircraft Amendment Act 2020 (which granted statutory recognition to aviation regulatory bodies including DGCA, BCAS, and AAIB), and the proposed Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak 2024 (which modernizes India’s 1934 Aircraft Act).

Through single-aircraft-type operations (Airbus A320 family), aggressive aircraft utilization (12- 13 hours daily), and superior cost management (Cost Per Available Seat Kilometer of ₹4.51), IndiGo achieved unprecedented operational efficiency unmatched in Indian aviation. The carrier’s trajectory from commencement in August 2006 to market leadership demonstrates the interdependence between superior operational execution and favorable regulatory environment. The paper analyzes how the 5/20 rule modification enabled IndiGo’s international expansion in September 2011; how DGCA statutory autonomy reduced regulatory uncertainty; and how Regional Connectivity Scheme subsidies facilitated profitable market penetration.

Additionally, the paper addresses recent operational challenges, particularly the December 2025 flight cancellation crisis precipitated by crew duty time limitations, demonstrating the tension between operational efficiency models and evolving safety regulations. The research concludes that while regulatory liberalization substantially enabled IndiGo’s growth, the carrier’s market concentration (64% share) and recent operational constraints raise questions regarding competitive sustainability and the adequacy of current regulatory frameworks for managing near-monopolistic market structures.

Indian agriculture is presently confronting challenges related to climate change, environmental degradation, and stagnant farm incomes. Traditionally, input-intensive crops, such as the rice-wheat rotation system, have been the mainstay of Indian agriculture. This has resulted in declining groundwater tables, soil erosion, and increased production risks. In this context, crop diversification has been a positive factor for the sustainability and resilience of the farming system. This chapter explores the prospects for maize cultivation as a strategy for crop diversification in the Indian farming system. The environmental benefits of maize cultivation, coupled with the high and differentiated demand for the crop, provide a strong rationale for the strategy. Drawing on the broader literature on the impact of technological change on the farming system, the chapter also aims to demonstrate the importance of hybrid maize technology for increasing productivity and enhancing the welfare of the farming community. The chapter concludes by asserting the prospects for the crop diversification strategy, grounded in maize cultivation, for the long-term sustainability of the farming system.

Sustainability and green management have emerged as critical paradigms in modern business environments due to increasing environmental concerns, resource depletion, and evolving stakeholder expectations. This paper examines the concept of sustainability from a managerial perspective, emphasising the integration of environmental, social, and economic dimensions through the Triple Bottom Line framework. It highlights the growing importance of green management practices in enhancing organisational efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and strengthening corporate reputation.

The study further explores key trends such as the circular economy, adoption of renewable energy, and the role of advanced technologies including artificial intelligence and data analytics in promoting sustainable practices. It discusses the strategic implementation of green management across organisational functions, including energy use, supply chain management, and corporate social responsibility initiatives. Real-world examples illustrate how businesses can align sustainability with profitability and long-term value creation.

Despite its benefits, the paper identifies significant challenges such as high initial investment costs, resistance to change, lack of expertise, and difficulties in measuring sustainability performance. The study concludes that organisations must adopt a systematic and integrated approach to sustainability, supported by leadership commitment and stakeholder collaboration, to achieve sustainable growth and competitive advantage in the evolving global landscape.

English Language Proficiency (ELP) plays a crucial role in shaping the academic outcomes of international students. This research, examines the relationship between language proficiency and academic performance among the international students. As English is the medium of instruction in universities, a good command of English is essential for effective learning and academic attainment. Quantitative research methodology will be employed to collect data from 132 international students studying at various universities in the Delhi NCR, India.

The findings reveal ELP scores of most students are ranged between beginner and intermediate level. This suggests that most students have difficulties in understanding lectures, participating in class discussion, and academic writing. There is a significant relationship between the ELP levels and academic success (r = 0.623, p < 0.001).  The R² shows that the English language proficiency accounts for about 39 percent of the variance in academic performance (R² ≈ 0.388). While overall effectiveness can be considered limited, the institution's proposed solution can be characterized as moderately effective.